Enclosure Design for Brake Wear Particle Measurement Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

Tuo Zhang,Sungjin Choi,Seoyeon Ahn,Geesoo Lee,Chanhyuk Nam

doi:10.3390/en14092356

Tuo Zhang, Sungjin Choi + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/en14092356

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Abstract

The harmfulness of fine dust generated by automobile brakes to the environment has recently received attention. Therefore, we aimed to analyze and regulate the brake wear particles in dynamometers. To accurately measure the number of particles and particle mass, the sampling system used needs to minimize transportation losses and reduce the residence time in the brake enclosure system. The brake dust measurement system currently used can estimate the main transportation loss but cannot evaluate the complex flow field in the brake enclosure system under different design conditions. We used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology to predict the behavior of brake wear particles and analyze the static pressure characteristics, the uniformity of the system flow, and the residence time of the brake dust particles in the system. In addition, we compared the design of the basic structure of the brake enclosure system, combined with the four factors affecting the design of the brake dynamometer, with the enclosure system. As a result, we proposed that the design of the cross section of the brake dynamometer enclosure should be circular, the outlet angle of the enclosure should be 15°, the caliper should be fixed to 150°, and two sets of splitters should be added. This design improves pressure loss and reduces the residence time of brake dust particles in the brake enclosure system.

Highlights

As society’s concern about pollution from automobiles has gradually increased, many countries have strengthened emission restrictions on exhaust systems
In this study we used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology to optimize the design of the basic structure of the brake dynamometer
In terms of the shape of the design in the first group of brake dynamometers enclosure, when the cross section of the enclosure of the brake dynamometer was circular, the intake turbulence and the turbulence generated by the rotation of the brake disc were combined well, the turbulence in the enclosure of the brake dynamometer was more stable, and the particle residence time was shortened

Summary

Introduction

As society’s concern about pollution from automobiles has gradually increased, many countries have strengthened emission restrictions on exhaust systems. More attention is being paid to the pollution of the non-exhaust system of automobiles, there are no laws or regulations to limit the dust emission standards of non-exhaust systems around the world. The particles emitted by non-exhaust systems mainly come from brakes, tires and road dust. Brake wear particles are identified as one of the contributors to non-exhaust particle emission. In the framework of UNECE-GRPE-PM program, a measurement method and procedure for brake wear particle emission are under discussion [1]. Lee [2] proposed that more attention should be paid to reducing non-exhaust pollution from cars. The study by Victor et al [3] found that non-exhaust emissions of German cars exceeded the emissions from car exhausts

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