Encephalitis in Ferrets Caused by a Nonproductive Strain of Measles Virus (D.R.) Isolated from a Patient with Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

Abstract

A nonproductive, syncytiogenic strain (D.R.) of measles virus, isolated from a patient with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), was inoculated intracerebrally into ferrets in an attempt to induce subacute encephalitis. Inoculation of freeze-thawed syncytia before immunization was the least effective procedure, and inoculation of live syncytia after immunization with measles virus vaccine was the most effective procedure, for induction of subacute or persistent subclinical encephalitis in the animals. After the latter procedure three of five ferrets developed subacute or subclinical encephalitis, whereas ferrets inoculated with live syncytia without prior immunization consistently contracted acute fatal encephalitis in one to two weeks. The subacute encephalitis in ferrets was characterized by high titers of antibody to measles virus in serum. At the time of sacrifice 1.25, 4.5, or 8.0 months after inoculation, brains of the ferrets showed histologic lesions similar to those characteristic of SSPE, and nonproductive syncytiogenic measles virus was recovered from the brains of two of the animals. All three ferrets had greatly increased concentrations of gamma-globulin in their brains and high levels of neutralizing and hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies to measles virus. Only one of these animals developed clinical signs 1.25 months after inoculation.