Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most widely used anthracycline anticancer drugs due to its high efficacy and evident antitumoral activity on several cancer types. However, its effective utilization is hindered by the adverse side effects associated with its administration, the detriment to the patients’ quality of life, and general toxicity to healthy fast-dividing cells. Thus, delivering DOX to the tumor site encapsulated inside nanocarrier-based systems is an area of research that has garnered colossal interest in targeted medicine. Nanoparticles can be used as vehicles for the localized delivery and release of DOX, decreasing the effects on neighboring healthy cells and providing more control over the drug’s release and distribution. This review presents an overview of DOX-based nanocarrier delivery systems, covering loading methods, release rate, and the cytotoxicity of liposomal, micellar, and metal organic frameworks (MOFs) platforms.
Highlights
Cancer refers to uncontrolled cell division due to DNA mutations
Concluding Remarks and Future Directions. Nanocarriers such as liposomes, micelles, and metal organic frameworks (MOFs) present diverse and interesting designs of promising drug delivery systems that have been rapidly evolving over the years and continue to be improved/upgraded to achieve their potentials
There are more than eighteen liposomal formulations already approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat cancer and other diseases [142]
Summary
Cancer refers to uncontrolled cell division due to DNA mutations. It occurs when cells are induced to over-proliferate, caused by the permanent activation of proto-oncogenes in upregulated oncogenes [1]. Anticancer drugs are classified into three categories: chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and hormonal therapy These therapies can target tumor cells at the DNA, RNA, or protein level [4,5,6]. DrugMoreover, resistance drug in theresistance tumor cells extravasation occurs at the time of drug administration in is another problem that limits the clinical use of DOX [19,25,26]. Followingthe thetreatment treatment with with chemotherapy chemotherapy drugs, drugs, tumor tumor cells cells show show slower slower replicareplicaFollowing tion times compared to healthy cells, which can regenerate at controlled replication rates. Tion times compared to healthy cells, which can regenerate at controlled replication rates This led to the development of the intermittent administration of chemotherapy which. This results in minimal cell death and the expansion as multi-drug resistance of drug-resistant tumors
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