Abstract
Copper-doped hydroxyapatite (CuHAP) mesoporous nanopowders (NPs) with distinct particle morphologies of nanorods-like (CuHAP-NR) and hierarchically assembled micro-spherical (CuHAP-MS) particles were comprehensively characterized for drug delivery applications. Both products were monolithic consisted of HAP phase only. Rietveld refinement suggested deformation led straining of HAP nanocrystals due to substitution of Cu ions in lattice structure of HAP. CuHAP-NR was more crystalline than CuHAP-MS NP. CuHAP-NR and CuHAP-MS NPs were having nanorods-like and microspherical ended hierarchically assembled nanostructured particles, respectively. Atomic structures proposed by XRD and HRTEM corroborated each other. Elemental examination confirmed formation of CuHAP composition in both NPs. Isotherms affirmed mesoporous structure of both products. Surface area of CuHAP-NR was significantly bigger and porous than CuHAP-MS NP. Consequently, former adsorbed 2.5 times more drug than latter. Furthermore, CuHAP-NR NP released drug in sustained and controlled manner, whereas, CuHAP-MS NP exhibited burst-release of drug. Critical analysis concluded that particle architecture of drug carriers significantly influenced their drug loading and releasing abilities.
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