Abstract
In the current practice, the clinical use of conventional skin substitutes such as autogenous skin grafts have shown several problems, mainly with respect to limited sources and donor site morbidity. In order to overcome these limitations, the use of smart synthetic biomaterials is tremendously diffusing as skin substitutes. Indeed, engineered skin grafts or analogues frequently play an important role in the treatment of chronic skin wounds, by supporting the regeneration of newly formed tissue, and at the same time preventing infections during the long-term treatment. In this context, natural proteins such as collagen—natively present in the skin tissue—embedded in synthetic polymers (i.e., PCL) allow the development of micro-structured matrices able to mimic the functions and to structure of the surrounding extracellular matrix. Moreover, the encapsulation of drugs, such as gentamicin sulfate, also improves the bioactivity of nanofibers, due to the efficient loading and a controlled drug release towards the site of interest. Herein, we have done a preliminary investigation on the capability of gentamicin sulfate, loaded into collagen-added nanofibers, for the controlled release in local infection treatments. Experimental studies have demonstrated that collagen added fibers can be efficaciously used to administrate gentamicin for 72 h without any toxic in vitro response, thus emerging as a valid candidate for the therapeutic treatment of infected wounds.
Highlights
In dermal tissue, an extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides spatial and mechanical signals to cells and physical support to tissues
We have done a preliminary investigation on the capability of gentamicin sulfate, loaded into collagen-added nanofibers, for the controlled release in local infection treatments
After 1, 3, and 5 days, the human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells were washed with phosphate buffer solution (PBS) and media were removed and replenished with 20 μL of MTT solution (5 mg/mL) and the plates were further incubated at 37 ◦C, with 5% CO2 and 95% air humidity for 4 h
Summary
An extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides spatial and mechanical signals to cells and physical support to tissues. Hydrophilic natural proteins offer specific binding sites for cell adhesion while synthetic polymers confer to the scaffold a more efficient mechanical support [25] In this case, there are a few weaknesses in terms of biocompatibility which is, mainly due to residual traces of aggressive organic solvents such as fluorinate (i.e., trifluoroethanol (TFE), hexafluoropropanol (HFIP) [26,27]) used during the fiber making. Previous works have confirmed that peculiar morphological properties of electrospun fibers a (i.e., high surface volume ratio) improve spatial homogeneity and encapsulation efficiency of the drug molecules [30] with respect to conventional casted films They offer the possibilities to create temporal/spatial molecular gradients which is suitable to trigger specific functionalities of the complex tissue microenvironment during regeneration [31]. A preliminary study is reported, including the evaluation of fiber morphology, drug release, and in vitro cytotoxicity
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