Abstract
In this work by encapsulation technique we have synthetized three new clove bud essential oil (CEO) Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC) formulations depending on the carrier (synthetic zeolite- F-CSZ, nature zeolite- F-CNZ and gelatin- F-CG). The main idea was to develop an eco-friendly biopesticide that can find use in plant protection as an alternative to the use of conventional pesticides. By encapsulation we wanted to enable water solubility and ensure prolonged efficacy of the essential oil. Biological activity of designed CEO formulations was tested on potato tuber moth Phthorimaea operculella (fumigant mode of action), gray mold fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea (preserver coatings), and soft rotting bacterial pathogens Pectobacterium carotovorum (subsp. carotovorum and brasiliensis) and Dickeya dianthicola (direct competition). CEO formulations evinced a prolonged action on mortality of P. operculella during the insects’ exposure to the concentration of the emulsions of 40 µL L−1 air. The mortality gradually decreased from a probability of 100% after the first 24 h to 50% after 5 days for F-CSZ or after 4 days for F-CNZ and F-CG. The most promising formulation is F-CSZ enabling activity during 14 days of exposure, while the effect of the other two formulations lasted 10 days. All three formulations produced a strong fungicidal effect against B. cinerea by preventing infection and disease development. The best efficacy was evidenced with F-CSZ (synthetic zeolite as a carrier) showing 100% efficacy when it was used even at the lowest tested concentration of active CEO (1%). The results of in vitro testing against soft rot pathogens determined the MIC value of CEO formulations to be 1% of active CEO. By this research, we present a novel perspective on the use of essential oils as an alternative, environmental biopesticide. CEO formulations can be commercially exploited as a fumigant or preserver coatings to extend the shelf life of stored products or the fresh-fruit market.
Highlights
GC–MS analyses of clove bud essential oil (CEO) (Probotanic) detected ten components accounting for 98.98%
Many pesticides are pathogen (B. cinerea) and soft rot pathogens (Pectobacterium spp. and Dickeya spp.) Many withdrawn from the globalfrom market, and their use was on any plant products pesticides are withdrawn the global market, andprohibited their use was prohibited on any such fruit andsuch vegetables
Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC) formulations based on natural biopolymers such as gelatine; zeolite and clove bud essential oil, that fulfill physical properties according to the criteria for the practical usage as a biopesticide
Summary
Plant protection products known as synthetic pesticides help in increasing the yield of food crops by controlling the loss caused by the pre- and post-harvest pests including insects, pathogens, and weeds. Estimated potential crop yield losses worldwide are 35% in the field and 14% in storage bringing the total loss of up to 50% [1–4]. Chemical-based methods of pest control in stored products are under threat for many reasons including costs, regulatory restrictions, health fears, and environmental dangers [5]. Today’s global market has demanded more fresh fruits and vegetables free from pesticide residues. Combating environmental pollution and its impact on the life systems imposed replacement of synthetic chemicals with alternatives. The introduction of natural pesticides, both of microbial and plant origin, is aimed to be a promising alternative to conventional pesticides
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
