Enantioselective Enzymatic Naphthoyl Ring Reduction

Abstract

Birch reductions of aromatic hydrocarbons by means of single-electron-transfer steps depend on alkali metals, ammonia, and cryogenic reaction conditions. In contrast, 2-naphthoyl-coenzyme A (2-NCoA) and 5,6-dihydro-2-NCoA (5,6-DHNCoA) reductases catalyze two two-electron reductions of the naphthoyl-ring system to tetrahydronaphthoyl-CoA at ambient temperature. Using a number of substrate analogues, we provide evidence for a Meisenheimer complex-analogous intermediate during 2-NCoA reduction, whereas the subsequent reduction of 5,6-dihydro-2-NCoA is suggested to proceed via an unprecedented cationic transition state. Using vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy, we demonstrate that both enzymatic reductions are highly stereoselective in D2 O, providing an enantioselective pathway to products inaccessible by Birch reduction. Moreover, we demonstrate the power of VCD spectroscopy to determine the absolute configuration of isotopically engendered alicyclic stereocenters.