Enantiomeric separation of N-protected amino acids by non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis with dimeric forms of quinine and quinidine derivatives serving as chiral selectors

Abstract

A non-aqueous capillary electrophoretic method with quinine and tert.-butyl carbamoylated quinine as chiral selectors was developed previously for the enantioseparation of N-protected amino acids. This system was here applied as a screening tool for a fast evaluation of the chiral discrimination potential of six new dimeric forms of carbamoylated quinine and quinidine derivatives as chiral additives: 1,3-phenylene-bis(carbamoylated quinine), 1,6-hexamethylene-bis(carbamoylated quinine), 1,6-hexamethylene-bis(carbamoylated quinidine), trans-1,4-cyclohexylene-bis(carbamoylated quinine), trans-1,4-cyclohexylene-bis(carbamoylated-11-dodecylthio-dihydroquinine) and trans-1,4-cyclohexylene-bis(carbamoylated-11-dodecylsulfinyl-dihydroquinine). A series of 24 chiral acids, as various benzoyl, 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl (DNB) and 3,5-dinitrobenzyloxycarbonyl amino acid derivatives were investigated with regards to enantioselectivity employing these different dimeric chiral selectors. The composition of the background electrolyte was 12.5 m M ammonia, 100 m M octanoic acid, and 10 m M chiral selector in an ethanol–methanol (60:40, v/v) mixture and the enantioseparations were performed at 15 °C and in the reversed polarity mode at −25 kV. With these dimeric chiral selectors, higher enantioselectivity values, compared to those obtained with monomeric derivatives, were usually achieved, especially with the dimers containing dodecyl substituents. For example, an α value of 4 and a resolution value of 78 were obtained for DNB-phenylalanine, using trans-1,4-cyclohexylene-bis(carbamoylated-11-dodecylthio-dihydroquinine) as selector.