Abstract
Chiral molecules are stereoselective with regard to specific biological functions. Enantiomers differ considerably in their physiological reactions with the human body. Safeguarding the quality and safety of drugs requires an efficient analytical platform by which to selectively probe chiral compounds to ensure the extraction of single enantiomers. Asymmetric synthesis is a mature approach to the production of single enantiomers; however, it is poorly suited to mass production and allows for only specific enantioselective reactions. Furthermore, it is too expensive and time-consuming for the evaluation of therapeutic drugs in the early stages of development. These limitations have prompted the development of surface-modified nanoparticles using amino acids, chiral organic ligands, or functional groups as chiral selectors applicable to a racemic mixture of chiral molecules. The fact that these combinations can be optimized in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and enantioselectivity makes them ideal for enantiomeric recognition and separation. In chiral resolution, molecules bond selectively to particle surfaces according to homochiral interactions, whereupon an enantiopure compound is extracted from the solution through a simple filtration process. In this review article, we discuss the fabrication of chiral nanoparticles and look at the ways their distinctive surface properties have been adopted in enantiomeric recognition and separation.
Highlights
Chirality is one of those fundamental properties of molecular systems which are ubiquitous in nature [1,2]
Zhao et al [162] allowed single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to bind with the inner wall of a capillary column in gas chromatography (GC) in order to enhance the enantiomeric separation by achieving larger surface for the chiral ionic liquid stationary phase, which in turn increased the interaction between the stationary phases and the analytes
Added enantiomeric solution at T1 and the PNIPAM chains are swollen, and L-enantiomers are recognized by β-CD; (C) Through an external magnetic field L-enantiomers are loaded on the MGO@PNG-CD, and D-enantiomers are remained in the enantiomeric solution for subsequent separation; (D) while the operating temperature is above the LCST of PNIPAM (T2), the PNIPAM chains occur to collapse, and the loaded L-enantiomers are released, and the MGO@PNG-CD is recycled; (E and F) the regenerated
Summary
Chirality is one of those fundamental properties of molecular systems which are ubiquitous in nature [1,2]. The two enantiomers of a chiral compound will react differently with the This complementary issue is important for the pharmaceutical industry where many currently receptor or enzyme molecule in a biological environment whichdrugs is highly in use are known to chiral Witnessed enormous efforts among the researchers and manufacturing industries to prepare Given the tremendous importance of chirality in many biochemical processes, recent years enantiopure so that an administered compound (drug or other chemical witnessedcompounds enormous efforts among the researchers chiral and manufacturing industries to prepare compounds) fits properly to the target binding site or receptor molecule. SDE occurs spontaneously whenever nonracemic compounds are subjected to any physiochemical processes, such as, precipitation, centrifugation, recrystallization, sublimation, force field, achiral chromatography, etc., under totally achiral conditions [48] Each of these methods has their unique abilities for enantiomeric recognition, separation and quantification.
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