Abstract
Annona cherimola Mill. is a native species of Ecuador cultivated worldwide for the flavor and properties of its fruit. In this study, hydrodistillation was used to isolate essential oil (EO) of fresh Annona cherimola leaves collected in Ecuadorian Sierra. The EO chemical composition was determined using a non-polar and a polar chromatographic column and enantiomeric distribution with an enantioselective column. The qualitative analysis was carried out by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer and quantitative analysis using gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector. The antibacterial potency was assessed against seven Gram-negative bacteria and one Gram-positive bacterium. ABTS and DPPH assays were used to evaluate the radical scavenging properties of the EO. Spectrophotometric method was used to measure acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. GC-MS analysis allowed us to identify more than 99% of the EO chemical composition. Out of the fifty-three compounds identified, the main were germacrene D (28.77 ± 3.80%), sabinene (3, 9.05 ± 1.69%), β-pinene (4, 7.93 ± 0.685), (E)-caryophyllene (10.52 ± 1.64%) and bicyclogermacrene (11.12 ± 1.39%). Enantioselective analysis showed the existence of four pairs of enantiomers, the (−)-β-Pinene (1S, 5S) was found pure (100%). Chirimoya essential oil exhibited a strong antioxidant activity and a very strong anticholinesterase potential with an IC50 value of 41.51 ± 1.02 µg/mL. Additionally, EO presented a moderate activity against Campylobacter jejuni and Klebsiella pneumoniae with a MIC value of 500 μg/mL.
Highlights
Worldwide, the Annonaceae family comprises more than 128 genera and approximately 2106 species and they are mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions [1].For Ecuador, 25 genera, 106 species and 20 endemic species are reported [2]
The essential oil isolated from leaves of A. cherimola was presented as a viscous liquid with a characteristic texture
The extraction yield of essential oils is very variable between plant species and depends on different aspects related to the plant such as the part, the age and the time after plant collection and other aspects related to the isolation process such as the pretreatment of the material and the extraction time [18]
Summary
The Annonaceae family comprises more than 128 genera and approximately 2106 species and they are mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions [1].For Ecuador, 25 genera, 106 species and 20 endemic species are reported [2]. The Annonaceae family comprises more than 128 genera and approximately 2106 species and they are mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions [1]. In a review of the antimalarial properties of the Annonaceae family, 11 species from Annona and Xilopia genus were recognized for their antiparasitic potential. Annonaceae species used in traditional medicine, over the tropical regions, are well documented for having potential for the treatment of parasitic diseases such as Malaria, Chagas and Leishmaniasis as well as other illnesses [3]. Annona muricata was one of the most cited species with a variety of medicinal properties including the treatment for the symptoms of malarial infection, fever, liver ailments and headaches [4]. Many secondary metabolites have been reported such as phenols and other bioactive compounds but, the main chemical marker of the genus is a diverse group of polyketides called acetogenins, compounds closely associated to their antiproliferative effect on cancer cell lines [5,6]
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