Abstract
Background: Treatment of large bone defects due to trauma, tumor resection, or congenital abnormalities is challenging. Bone tissue engineering using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represents a promising treatment option. However, the quantity and quality of engineered bone tissue are not sufficient to fill large bone defects. The aim of this study was to determine if the addition of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) improves in vitro chondrogenic priming of MSCs to ultimately improve in vivo MSC mediated endochondral bone formation.Methods: MSCs were chondrogenically differentiated in 2.0 × 105 cell pellets in medium supplemented with TGFβ3 in the absence or presence of 1, 10, or 100 μg/mL EMD. Samples were analyzed for gene expression of RUNX2, Col II, Col X, and Sox9. Protein and glycoaminoglycan (GAG) production were also investigated via DMB assays, histology, and immunohistochemistry. Osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation capacity were also assessed.Results: The addition of EMD did not negatively affect chondrogenic differentiation of adult human MSCs. EMD did not appear to alter GAG production or expression of chondrogenic genes. Osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation were also unaffected though a trend toward decreased adipogenic gene expression was observed.Conclusion: EMD does not affect chondrogenic differentiation of adult human MSCs. As such the use of EMD in combination with chondrogenically primed MSCs for periodontal bone tissue repair is unlikely to have negative effects on MSC differentiation.
Highlights
Trauma, tumor resection, or congenital abnormalities can result in large bone defects in the craniomaxillofacial region as well as elsewhere in the body
Osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation were unaffected though a trend toward decreased adipogenic gene expression was observed
enamel matrix derivative (EMD) DOES NOT AFFECT THE OSTEOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION CAPACITY OF HUMAN Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) Osteogenic genes ALPL, BGLAP, Integrin-binding sialoprotein (IBSP), and COL I were analyzed after 15–19 days by real-time PCR
Summary
Tumor resection, or congenital abnormalities can result in large bone defects in the craniomaxillofacial region as well as elsewhere in the body. Treatment options of such defects include the use of autologous or allogenic bone or other substitutes (Arrington et al, 1996; Froum et al, 2001). Tissue engineering represents a promising alternative treatment option for such defects. Treatment of large bone defects due to trauma, tumor resection, or congenital abnormalities is challenging. Bone tissue engineering using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represents a promising treatment option. The aim of this study was to determine if the addition of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) improves in vitro chondrogenic priming of MSCs to improve in vivo MSC mediated endochondral bone formation
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