Enamel erosion control by strontium-containing TiO2- and/or MgO-doped phosphate bioactive glass.

Abstract

To evaluate the effect of strontium-containing titanium- and/or magnesium-doped phosphate bioactive glass on the control of dental erosion. Fifty fragments of human enamel were divided into five groups: negative control, 45S5 bioglass, strontium-containing Ti-doped phosphate bioactive glass (PBG-Ti), strontium-containing Mg-doped phosphate bioactive glass (PBG-Mg), and strontium-containing Ti- and Mg-doped phosphate bioactive glass (PBG-TiMg). The specimens underwent cycles of erosive challenge twice daily for 5days with 1mL of citric acid for 2min followed by 1mL of the suspension with bioactive substances for 3min. After the cycles, profilometry, roughness and microhardness testing, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed. The following statistical tests were used: one-way ANOVA (profile, roughness, and surface microhardness (%VMS) data variation), Tukey's HSD (%VMS), Games-Howell test (profilometry), Student's t test (roughness), and Pearson's correlation between the variables. The lower loss of enamel surface and lower %VMS was observed in the PBG-Mg and PBG-TiMg groups, and only the PBG-Mg group showed similar roughness between baseline and eroded areas (p > 0.05). On SEM micrographs, PBG-Ti and PBG-Mg groups showed lower apparent demineralization. All bioactive materials protected the enamel against erosion. However, strontium-containing phosphate bioactive glasses showed lower enamel loss, and the presence of Mg in these bioactive glasses provided a greater protective effect. Experimental strontium-containing phosphate bioactive glasses are effective in controlling enamel erosion. The results obtained in this study will guide the development of new dental products.