Enabling room temperature ferromagnetism in monolayer MoS2 via in situ iron-doping

Shichen Fu,Kyungnam Kang,A Nick Vamivakas,Kamran Shayan,Abhay N Pasupathy,Siamak Dadras,Vincent Meunier,Anthony Yoshimura,Stefan Strauf,Lihua Zhang,Apoorv Jindal,Na Liu,Siwei Chen,Xiaotian Wang,Xiangzhi Li,Eui-Hyeok Yang

doi:10.1038/s41467-020-15877-7

Abstract

Two-dimensional semiconductors, including transition metal dichalcogenides, are of interest in electronics and photonics but remain nonmagnetic in their intrinsic form. Previous efforts to form two-dimensional dilute magnetic semiconductors utilized extrinsic doping techniques or bulk crystal growth, detrimentally affecting uniformity, scalability, or Curie temperature. Here, we demonstrate an in situ substitutional doping of Fe atoms into MoS2 monolayers in the chemical vapor deposition growth. The iron atoms substitute molybdenum sites in MoS2 crystals, as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and Raman signatures. We uncover an Fe-related spectral transition of Fe:MoS2 monolayers that appears at 2.28 eV above the pristine bandgap and displays pronounced ferromagnetic hysteresis. The microscopic origin is further corroborated by density functional theory calculations of dipole-allowed transitions in Fe:MoS2. Using spatially integrating magnetization measurements and spatially resolving nitrogen-vacancy center magnetometry, we show that Fe:MoS2 monolayers remain magnetized even at ambient conditions, manifesting ferromagnetism at room temperature.

Highlights

Two-dimensional semiconductors, including transition metal dichalcogenides, are of interest in electronics and photonics but remain nonmagnetic in their intrinsic form
Doping of transition metal elements, such as vanadium (V), Mn, and Fe, into Transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) to form atomically thin Dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) would permit the exploration of the magnetic coupling in 2D confined structures
As the magnitude of the forward-scattered electron intensity is dependent on the atomic number, it is expected that Fe atoms produce lower relative intensity, which is clearly visible for the substitutionally doped Fe atoms in the STEM image

Summary

Introduction

Two-dimensional semiconductors, including transition metal dichalcogenides, are of interest in electronics and photonics but remain nonmagnetic in their intrinsic form. We find that monolayer Fe:MoS2 displays ferromagnetism by probing the hysteresis in the magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) of the Fe-related emission.

Results

Conclusion