Abstract
Augmented reality (AR) on a head-mounted display is conveniently supported by a wearable wireless network. If, in addition, the AR display is moderated to take account of the cognitive load of the wearer, then additional biosensors form part of the network. In this paper, the impact of these additional traffic sources is assessed. Rateless coding is proposed to not only protect the fragile encoded video stream from wireless noise and interference but also to reduce coding overhead. The paper proposes a block-based form of rateless channel coding in which the unit of coding is a block within a packet. The contribution of this paper is that it minimizes energy consumption by reducing the overhead from forward error correction (FEC), while error correction properties are conserved. Compared to simple packet-based rateless coding, with this form of block-based coding, data loss is reduced and energy efficiency is improved. Cross-layer organization of piggy-backed response blocks must take place in response to feedback, as detailed in the paper. Compared also to variants of its default FEC scheme, results from a Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15.1) wireless network show a consistent improvement in energy consumption, packet arrival latency, and video quality at the AR display.
Highlights
Augmented reality (AR) allows a video display of the outside world to be supplemented with computer-generated graphics, annotations, instrument readings, and other sources of information [1]
2 Mbit/s mode 3 Mbit/s mode generated by the rateless algorithm from prior packets; (2) the data of the packet divided into blocks with an additional ε blocks generated by the rateless algorithm, as k(1 + ε) blocks are required for reconstruction of the original k blocks with high probability; (3) a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) which is a default part of a Bluetooth packet but which we assume is applied to the decoded k blocks of the current packet
Augmented reality is normally associated with wearable computers
Summary
Augmented reality (AR) allows a video display of the outside world to be supplemented with computer-generated graphics, annotations, instrument readings, and other sources of information [1]. Firefighters as they pass through the rooms may have a steerable view of a scene in a burning building with the addition of a room plan within the building and possibly a feed from wireless sensor nodes in the building when the view is impaired [4]. Another example of how cognitive load can impact upon an AR includes the displays presented to some aircraft crew and military personnel [5]. The term block is sometimes used synonymously for packet but in this paper we reserve the term to blocks within a packet
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