En uygun rüzgâr enerji santrali yerlerinin coğrafi bilgi sistemleri ile belirlenmesi: Kocaeli ili örneği

Abstract

In their lifetime, people need the energy to fulfill their needs. Beforehand, production of energy and, in parallel, the determination of the areas where the energy will be produced has gained importance. In this study, the most suitable site research was carried out in the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for the construction of wind power plants (WPP) for the environment. It obtains electrical energy by using wind energy, which is one of the renewable energy sources. First of all, 13 factors that have an impact on the WPP site selection process were determined based on similar studies conducted in the past, these are; wind speed, protected areas, bird migration routes, transformer centers, power transmission lines, residential areas, highways, fault lines, elevation, slope, streams, lakes and airports. These determined factors are divided into 6 score classes, ranging from 0 (not suitable) to 5 (extremely appropriate). Then, a mask area map was created by separating the areas in the score class (0) not suitable for WPP from the areas in the other score class. With the mask area map obtained, suitable and unsuitable areas for WPP were clearly determined. The weighted overlay method was used to classify the suitable areas according to their degree of suitability. While applying the weighted overlay method, the weights of the factors with respect to each other were determined in two different ways. In the first study, the factors were weighted and overlapping analysis was performed by using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), which is one of the Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) methods. In the second study, weighted overlapping analysis was applied by accepting the factors as equally weighted. By overlapping the maps obtained as a result of two different analyzes with the masking area, WPP suitability maps for Kocaeli were obtained. Area calculations were made for the suitability classes over the resulting suitability maps and the two methods were compared with each other. As a result of this study, which was carried out on the entire province of Kocaeli, the most suitable areas where WPP could be established were determined by using GIS and AHP.