Abstract
The stirring speed n influences the emulsion polymerization of butadiene, (1) by reducing the effective emulsifier concentration [E]eff available for particle nucleation and stabilization at high n, and (2) by limiting diffusion of monomer to the latex particles at low n. The large density difference between butadiene and water promotes the breaking up of droplets at high n, while the same condition constitutes a large driving force for (partial) phase separation at low n. Increasing the monomer/water ratio at constant [E] decreases [E]eff, and thus the final particle number. At monomer volume fractions >0,6 mixed emulsions are likely to be formed initially, reducing [E]eff even further. In the presence of mixed emulsions, polymerization in the monomer phase may no longer be neglected, giving rise to a complex kinetic behaviour.
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