Abstract
Robotics not only contributes to the invention of rehabilitation devices, it can also enhance the quality of medical education. In recent years, the use of patient simulators and part-task trainers in the medical education field has brought meaningful improvements in the training of medical practitioners. Nevertheless, in the context of therapy training for upper limb disorders, trainee therapists still have to engage directly with the patients to gain experience of the rehabilitation of physical diseases. In this work, a high-fidelity part-task trainer that is able to reproduce the stiffness of spasticity and rigidity symptoms of the upper limb, such as those observed in post-stroke patients and Parkinson's disease patients, has been developed. Based on the evaluation carried out by two experienced therapists, the developed part-task trainer is able to simulate different patient cases and help trainee therapists gain pre-clinical experience in a safe and intuitive learning environment.
Highlights
1.1 Simulation in Medical EducationA simulator in medical education is a computercontrolled human mannequin or set of parts of the human body that is able to function as the human anatomy and react to clinical procedures used during the training of doctors, surgeons, nurses and therapists
Simulators have only recently been applied in the education of medical practitioners [2][3], the simulator approach has been applied in educating trainee pilots to fly airplanes safely for decades [4] and has helped in veterinary clinical training as well [5]
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Summary
A simulator in medical education is a computercontrolled human mannequin or set of parts of the human body that is able to function as the human anatomy and react to clinical procedures used during the training of doctors, surgeons, nurses and therapists. A part-task trainer simulates different situations and helps the trainees learn from new experiences and acquire new clinical skills. There are patient simulators that have been used in clinical training to improve performances and skills in surgery [6] and anaesthetics, and some have been proven to develop good team performance even in complex fields such as trauma resuscitation [7]. A highfidelity human patient simulator that is capable of helping them improve their skills and performance such as in [10] and [11] is lacking. The focus is on developing an artificial human upper limb for the purpose of pre-clinical therapy education similar to the added value in the application of the infant respiratory physiotherapy described in [13]
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