Abstract
Pleural empyema is defined as a collection of pus in the pleural space. Although the overall incidence of empyema in children has decreased over the last several decades, parapneumonic effusion and empyema remain significant sources of morbidity in the pediatric population. A pleural effusion in a child poses dilemmas regarding the best approach to evaluation and treatment. The emergence of resistant pathogens, as well as the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, makes pleural empyema a clinical challenge. This article discusses the epiclemiology, presentation, and current strategies for diagnosing and treating empyema in children.
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