Abstract
Empowerment issues in Japan’s care industry: Narratives of Filipino nurses and care workers under the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) labour scheme
Highlights
In 2009, Japan started to accept a number of Filipino nurses and care workers through the Philippine-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (PJEPA)
The final part revisits the structure of healthcare governance in Japan, drawing attention to policy weaknesses in implementing the PJEPA while providing recommendations on how structural empowerment can contribute to responsible labour migration
The findings of this research reveal the disempowerment of nurses and care workers in upholding their professional status
Summary
In 2009, Japan started to accept a number of Filipino nurses and care workers through the Philippine-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (PJEPA). Despite the increasing number of EPA candidates, policy evaluation and reviews for the past ten years of implementation reveal problematic mechanisms of PJEPA from the process of deployment to actual employment It failed to benefit both countries as the number of health workers admitted to the programme were very limited due to the low passing rate of the nursing and care worker licensure examination. Recognising the importance of self-perception in theorising empowerment, the paper focuses on the voices of Filipino nurses and care workers who narrate their migrant experiences vis-a-vis their expectations in participating in this migrant venture Reports from both the Philippine and Japanese governments claim that the PJEPA’s provisions have significantly improved in terms of its short-term approaches in providing basic capabilities to the nursing candidates. The final part revisits the structure of healthcare governance in Japan, drawing attention to policy weaknesses in implementing the PJEPA while providing recommendations on how structural empowerment can contribute to responsible labour migration
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