Abstract
Background: Gender inequality is a global issue. In Canada, 70% of women experience some form of inequality in their lifetime. Immigrant adolescents in Canada make up a substantial proportion of newcomers, and immigrant girls face the threat of subjugation and oppression, which has a significant impact on their health, development, and economic outcomes as well as gender inequality. Research on girls’ empowerment and resilience-building programs and interventions is virtually nonexistent. In this project, we implemented the ‘Girls’ Voices’ Curriculum. The aim of this project was to engage and empower South Asian (SA) immigrant adolescent girls and to promote gender equality in Canada. Methods: This study utilized a qualitative descriptive design. Pre- and post-curriculum implementation focus group discussions were conducted. Results: A total of 16 adolescent girls ranging from 11 to 18 years of age participated in this study. The participants described challenges many young girls face in relation to gender inequality such as gender discrimination, gendered stereotyping, barriers to education, etc. The ‘Girls’ Voices’ Curriculum allowed participants to highlight and reflect on the various problems faced by SA immigrant adolescents in their communities. The participants learned to examine these challenges through a variety of engaging activities to identify their root cause, effects and propose solutions to bring long-lasting change. The curriculum equipped them with useful tools such as decision-makers maps and advocacy skills to educate decision-makers by creating and delivering powerful messages influenced by personal stories and evidence-based literature. Conclusion: The study provided significant insight into understanding the diverse challenges encountered by SA immigrant adolescent girls in Canada and linking them to the effectiveness of the ‘Girls’ Voices’ Curriculum. The girl-focused development programs that emphasize developing self-confidence, communication skills, problem-solving skills, and decision making are effective in empowering the socially deprived adolescent girls locally and in the global context.
Highlights
Adolescent girls make up 16% of the world’s population - equivalent to one in six people.[1]
Most (n = 10) participants were studying in junior high school, five in both grade 8 and 9; two participants were in grade 7, three participants were in grade 11, one was in a post-secondary institution
The study provided significant insight into understanding the diverse challenges encountered by immigrant South Asian (SA) adolescent girls in Canada and how effective the ‘Girls’ Voices’ Curriculum is in creating change
Summary
Adolescent girls make up 16% of the world’s population - equivalent to one in six people.[1]. Accounts of the experiences of immigrant adolescent girls show that, despite having more educational and career opportunities than ever, many girls and young women still face sexual violence, harassment, low self-esteem, negative body image, discrimination/exclusion, and so on.[4] A nationwide survey reported that immigrant girls, Asian girls, in Canada feel pressure from society to conform to unrealistic expectations of femininity, in terms of their appearance and in terms of their behaviors or which interests they should pursue.[5] In many South Asian (SA) cultures, patriarchal values and social norms maintain gender inequities and stereotyping These disparities deprive young girls of their privileges, autonomy, and decision making[8,9,10] and negatively impact their prospects in life.
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