Empowering Molecular Network in the Pathogenesis of Obesity with Omics Architecture

Abstract

Obesity is regarded as a major public health concern, with multidimensional factors involved in metabolic complications rooted in multifactorial causes (e.g., environmental toxicity or genetic abnormality), and the unmet landscape of the health care system seeking therapeutic or prevention methods. Evidence that supports Omics as a strategic tool of systemic biology is used to define the wiring of the molecular circuit in metabolic malfunctions and the evaluation of metabolic modulators such as synthetic drugs, stem cell replacement, and natural secondary metabolites derived from various resources. Nutritional genomics or Nutrigenomics refers to the interface between the nutritional environment and cellular/genetic processes. It seeks to comprehend the effects of diet on a person's genes and health. Nutrigenomics aims to provide a genetic understanding of how common dietary chemicals (i.e., nutrition) affect the balance of health and disease by altering the expression or structure of an individual's genetic makeup. Furthermore, a prevention thread in public health informatics still requires improving detection skills from patient clinical samples and monitoring development of the disease in reserve populations, who may be at a higher risk of disease susceptibility due to various micro- and/or macro-environmental determinants. Molecular-based detection systems can forecast evolving disease in terms of key molecule modifications that may contribute to disease pathogenesis and reflect heredity, such as quantitative trait loci, polymorphism, and epigenetic modification, by utilising the omics platform, which includes epigenetics, metabolomics, nutrigenomics, transcriptomics, pharmacogenomics, and genomics.  Furthermore, by structuring a person's health algorithm in conjunction with a molecule chain-based surveillance and prevention system, an individualised or personalised approach to treating metabolic disease could be used. To encourage effective biomarker discoveries in the field of molecular therapy and early detection target molecules in obesity, innovation tactics, and earlier diagnostic tools as a potential strategy have inspired us in clinical validation and assessment to improve prevention/treatment outcome for a better quality in the translation medicine process. In this short review, we aim to understand a better interaction and connectivity between risks and metabolic disorders like obesity by utilizing the molecular drive platform that OMICS technologies are worthy to develop a clinical assessment with regard to diagnosing, predicting, and treating chains of metabolic diseases (i.e., initiation, progress, and determination) and defining causative molecule-based wiring on host defense machinery after exposure to various unknown environmental agents such as harmful bacterial infections or pathogens, heavy metals in air pollution, and environmental stressors as an environmental threat. Nutrigenomics, as a key strategical approach to detecting genetic variation or revealing malfunctions of the host defence system in metabolic disorders, can be used not only to assess one's risk for obesity, but also to treat obesity by establishing personalised diet plans.