Abstract
The maintenance of full employment has been the main explicitly stated objective of the employment policy in Poland since the end of the Second World War. The introduction of a highly centralized command system facilitated this task, as the system is well adapted to ensuring a high degree of mobilization and full employment of resources and their allocation to some priority sectors, irrespective of the profitability of such ventures.1 The adoption of the Soviet-type ‘inward-looking’ development strategy, based on import substitution, the priority development of industries producing producers’ goods for the domestic investment programme and attempts to achieve the highest possible rates of growth of national product, had a tendency to create an overall overcommitment of resources from the very beginning.2 The interaction of the system and this particular strategy resulted in the emergence of the so-called ‘extensive’ pattern of development. The rates of growth of national product, industrial output and so on depended on increases in the quantities of inputs rather than on increases in their productivity. A certain industrial structure was created which was geared to this pattern of development.3
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