Abstract
The paradigm of Content-Centric Networks (CCN) has been used in several networking application contexts in order to enhance the performance of data forwarding and retrieval. By disassociating device addressing from the packet routing process, CCN offers new message routing possibilities in network scenarios that are limited in this respect. An example of such scenarios concerns Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networks (DTNs), in which requesting and retrieving data and services may be even more unpredictable than simply sending any message from a source to a destination. With this in mind, we propose a DIscovery and REtrieval protocol based on Social Cooperation (DIRESC), designed specifically to perform data request and retrieval by applying the concept of CCN in the DTN scenario, an environment also known as Content-Centric Delay-Tolerant Networks (CCDTN). Our forwarding mechanism proposes the distributed sending of data based on the profile of each node, which is defined by its social interactions with other nodes. To evaluate our protocol, we used the Opportunistic Network Environment (ONE) simulator to compare DIRESC to other related CCDTN protocols, including our conceptual implementation of content-centric forwarding dubbed CCN broadcast. Results show that social cooperation has positive performance impact (i.e., improved delivery rate, delay, overhead, packet retransmission, and energy consumption) when compared to other social-oblivious CCDTN protocols.
Highlights
By focusing on the data/content itself, alternative networking solutions for data forwarding/retrieval has gained the attention of the scientific community, such as Content-Centric Communications [1], Information-centric Networks (ICN), Named Data Networking (NDN) [2] from the NFD prototype [3] and the well-known and
Considering environments where long delays and frequent disconnections are common, and there is no guarantee of end-to-end paths between source and destination nodes, we witness a demand for networking approaches in which the devices communicate opportunistically, i.e., taking advantage of the contacts between nodes to exchange data [6]. Such paradigm is explored by the Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN), Pocket-Switched Networks (PSNs) and
Our proposal, named DIscovery and REtrieval protocol based on Social Cooperation (DIRESC), provides advertisement, discovery, and data retrieval in Centric Delay-Tolerant Networks (CCDTN) based on cooperation between nodes that have a specific level of social relationship
Summary
By focusing on the data/content itself, alternative networking solutions for data forwarding/retrieval has gained the attention of the scientific community, such as Content-Centric Communications [1], Information-centric Networks (ICN), Named Data Networking (NDN) [2] from the NFD prototype [3] and the well-known and. As it is shown, the CCN broadcasting, which spreads interests in a broadcast manner when no Forwarding Information Base (FIB) information is found, does not consider social relationship between nodes or deliveries data packets through multi-paths, i.e., as described in [4], data only follows the reverse path of interests. By recurrently valuing nodes with high probability to find contents, it does not employ a multi-criteria method to select nodes and forward packets It does not generate distributed requests or use multiple paths to deliver data. Our protocol avoids this undesired behavior by employing multiple criteria for ranking the nodes’ ability of delivering packets, instead of using only a single criterion
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