Employing fruit juices to hydrolyze edible bird's nest and enhance the antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, and wound-healing activities of the hydrolysates

Abstract

Enzymatic hydrolysis of edible bird's nest (EBN) has attracted great interest in both scientific and commercial fields due to the enhancement of solubility and nutraceutical values. The present study attempted to investigate the hydrolysis of EBN with papaya (Carica papaya L.), pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.), and cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.) juices as well as two commercial enzymes papain and bromelain. Our analysis revealed that EBN hydrolysis with pineapple juice and bromelain produced a degree of hydrolysis (DH) value of approximately 27 % while it was about 25 % for the hydrolysis with cantaloupe juice and 22 % for the hydrolysis with papaya juice and papain after 4 h of treatment. When EBN was digested by fruit juices and enzymes, the protein solubility and free sialic acid content were increased and the highest values were achieved for EBN hydrolysis with pineapple juice and bromelain (estimately 11 mg/mL of soluble protein and 18 g/kg of free sialic acid). The ABTS•+-scavenging, •OH-scavenging, and anti-tyrosinase capacities were higher in the EBN hydrolysates by papaya juice (IC50 of 0.034, 0.108, and 0.419 mg/mL, respectively), pineapple juice (IC50 of 0.025, 0.045, and 0.190 mg/mL, respectively), and cantaloupe juice (IC50 of 0.031 mg/mL, 0.056, and 0.339 mg/mL, respectively) than in the hydrolysates by unhydrolyzed EBN (IC50 of 0.094, 0.366, and 1.611 mg/mL, respectively). An improvement in ABTS•+-scavenging, •OH-scavenging, and anti-tyrosinase abilities was also observed for the hydrolysates by papain (IC50 of 0.041, 0.129, and 0.417 mg/mL, respectively) and bromelain (IC50 of 0.025, 0.069, and 0.336 mg/mL, respectively) but in a lesser extent as compared to the hydrolysates by respective papaya and pineapple juices. Noticeably, the EBN hydrolysates by fruit juices remarkably enhanced the wound closure in human fibroblasts by about 1.4–1.8 times after 24 h of treatment whereas this property was insignificant in the hydrolysates by enzymes. As papaya, pineapple, and cantaloupe juices are easily obtainable and have pleasant flavors, our results provide a possible method to hydrolyze EBN and apply the resultant hydrolysates in functional food products.