Empirically derived dietary patterns and obesity among Iranian Adults: Yazd Health Study-TAMYZ and Shahedieh cohort study.

Sahar Sarkhosh-Khorasani,Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh,Azadeh Nadjarzadeh,Masoud Mirzaei,Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi

doi:10.1002/fsn3.1538

Abstract

The aim was to determine the relationship between dietary patterns derived by principal component analysis (PCA) in association with obesity from a large group of Iranian adults in the urban and suburb areas. A cross‐sectional study was conducted on 10,693 Iranian adults. The data were collected from two cohort studies: Shahedieh city annexed to Yazd area as well as Yazd Health Study (YaHS)‐TAMYZ (Yazd Nutrition Survey in Persian) in urban area. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated semi‐quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The PCA was applied to identify the dietary patterns. Multiple logistic regressions were run to assess the relationship between dietary patterns and obesity. In Shahedieh cohort study, three major dietary patterns were identified traditional, unhealthy, and prudent pattern. Prudent pattern was associated with lower odds of obesity (OR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.53, 0.88). Higher adherence to the unhealthy (OR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.50) and traditional (OR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.72) patterns was related to greater odds of obesity. Moreover, we identified traditional and unhealthy dietary patterns in YaHS study. Higher adherence to the unhealthy dietary pattern was associated with greater odds of obesity (OR: 1.21 95% CI: 1.02, 1.44). Greater adherence to unhealthy dietary patterns was associated with higher odds of obesity in participants. Greater adherence to traditional and prudent dietary patterns increased and decreased the obesity odds, respectively. Further prospective studies are needed to find out the causal relationship between the variables.

Highlights

Various factors including behavior, environment, heredity, socioeconomic status (SES), and culture can lead to obesity (Heymsfield & Wadden, 2017)
Our aim was to investigate the association between dietary patterns and obesity in Iran, where the existing various dietary patterns may provide some novel insights into the diet– disease relationships
In comparison with participants with the lowest adherence to “traditional” dietary pattern, those with highest adherence were significantly associated with greater odds of obesity after adjusting for the confounding variables such as age and energy intake (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.69), and further confounding variables such as gender, smoking and SES, marital status, physical activity levels, and chronic diseases (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.72)

Summary

Introduction

Environment, heredity, socioeconomic status (SES), and culture can lead to obesity (Heymsfield & Wadden, 2017). The prevalence of overweight and obesity has a growing trend throughout the world (Roberto et al, 2015). Since 1980, the prevalence of obesity has doubled in more than 70 countries and is increasing continuously in most other countries (GBD, 2015 Obesity Collaborators, 2017). A total of 603.7 million adults were obese in 2015 The increasing prevalence of obesity increased the prevalence of co-morbidities related to obesity around the world (GBD, 2015 Obesity Collaborators, 2017). Progressive weight gain may cause a variety of co-morbidities, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, liver dysfunction, respiratory and musculoskeletal disorders, subfertility, psychosocial problems, and certain types of cancer (Kyrou, Randeva, Tsigos, Kaltsas, & Weickert, 2018). The morality rate increases (Varraso et al, 2012)

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