Empirically and Theoretically–Based Models for Predicting Brominated Ozonated By–Products

Abstract

Abstract During water treatment, ozonation of waters containing bromide ion producesboth organic and inorganic disinfection byproducts. Bromide ion concentrations in U.S. waters range from 0.01 to 2 mg/L (Krasner, 1989). Bromoformand dibromoacetic acid (DBAA) are the major organic byproducts and bromateion is the major inorganic byproduct derived from ozonation. Bromoform is a known carcinogen and the existence of bromate ion in water supplies also is of public health concern (Lykins, 1986). Bromate ion causes renal failure and hearing loss in laboratory animals and in human beings (Kruithof, 1992). The provisional guideline for bromate ion as proposed by the World Health Organization is 25 pg/L and may be exceeded in water treatment processesusing ozone. Also draft drinking water regulations in the U.S. will specify a maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 µg/L for bromate ion and a bestavailable treatment (BAT) of pH adjustment.