Abstract

ABSTRACT Based on an analysis of the China 50 ETF options and their underlying assets, we measure the empirical pricing kernel and implied risk aversion. By employing a Markov-switching GARCH model, the estimated results show a monotonically decreasing pricing kernel under a high-volatility regime and a U-shaped pricing kernel under a low-volatility regime. The implied risk aversion is inversely S-shaped under both high- and low-volatility regimes. However, the implied risk aversion under the low-volatility regime has a wide range. Investors’ risk aversion perspective helps explain patterns of pricing kernels and risk aversion estimates. Finally, we find that implied risk aversion is predictive of short-term (excess) market returns based on in-sample and out-of-sample tests.

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