Empirical channel models for 5G at 3.6 GHz in foliage-free suburban environments

Abstract

In this paper, we propose empirical channel models for 5G fixed-to-mobile technology at 3.6 GHz for foliage-free suburban environments. Four test campaigns were held, where the transmitter (Tx) in each campaigns was placed at a different height. On the other hand, the collecting receiver (Rx) antenna was placed outside the front windshield of the test vehicle while moving at a walking speed (3–5 km/h) to represent a typical mobile pedestrian user. Based on the collected measurements, single-slope and dual-slope path loss as well as large-scale (shadowing), small-scale, and multi-scale fading empirical models are proposed. It was found that the path loss exponent for this channel varies between 1.9 and 3.8; the large-scale component’s standard deviation of this channel was found to be 2∼4 decibels (dB); the small-scale component followed the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution with a mean of 1.1∼1.3 and a variance of 0.2∼1.7; and the multi-scale component followed the GEV distribution with a mean of 1.2∼1.4 and a variance of 0.4∼4.0.