Abstract
This research investigates the relationship between job stress and job satisfaction among University teachers in Pakistan. Data were collected from 400 respondents from cross sectional method from all four provinces by using simple random technique. The determinants of job stress that have been examined under this study include, management role, relationship with others, workload pressure, homework interface, role ambiguity, and performance pressure. The sample consists of public universities in Pakistan. The results show there is a significant relationship between four of the constructs tested. The results also show that there is significant negative relationship between job stress and job satisfaction. It was revealed that 70 percent of the faulty members are not satisfied from their salaries. Job stress has negative impact on their health.
Highlights
In the past three decades, the semiconductor industry has been one of the most important industries, which has been widely used in communications, consumer electronics, computers, and other fields, and has become the core upstream element of almost every part of the electronics industry
This study analyzes the dynamics of scientific innovation in the chip field at three levels: country/region, institution, and scientific paper aiming to provide a clear landscape of scientific innovation in the chip field, which helps to recognize the current status and development direction of the chip research field and provides valuable insights to optimize the layout of basic research in the chip field
Where is the scientific knowledge in the chip field mainly located, which organizations are the major players in chip research, how does the distribution of their innovations change over time, and what are the mainstream research paths in the field? Addressing these questions can help identify the current state and future direction of the chip field, and provide insights for optimizing the layout of basic research
Summary
In the past three decades, the semiconductor industry has been one of the most important industries, which has been widely used in communications, consumer electronics, computers, and other fields, and has become the core upstream element of almost every part of the electronics industry. We are in an era of intelligence, digitalization, and informatization In this trend, the semiconductor industry, with its pioneering, fundamental, and strategic nature, is an important indicator of a country's level of technological development and comprehensive national power (Lee, Swain, Gu, Lee, & Yoon, 2021). As a key area of science and technology innovation, China's chip technology has long been restricted by others and the chip "neck" problem has become serious. To solve the "neck" problem, it is crucial to rely on science and technology innovation, which is an inevitable choice and a realistic requirement for the breakthrough of key core technologies in strategic industries. It is necessary to conduct a systematic analysis of basic research, i.e., scientific innovation, in the field of the chip, which can help to understand a specific research area comprehensively. This study analyzes the dynamics of scientific innovation in the chip field at three levels: country/region, institution, and scientific paper aiming to provide a clear landscape of scientific innovation in the chip field, which helps to recognize the current status and development direction of the chip research field and provides valuable insights to optimize the layout of basic research in the chip field
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