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Abstract

To find the variations of middle ear structures including the spatial pattern of mastoid segment of facial nerve and the shapes of the sinus tympani in patients with congenital aural atresia (CAA) by using the high-resolution (HR) CT and 3D volume rendered (VR) CT images.HRCT was performed in 25 patients with congenital aural atresia including six bilateral atresia patients (n = 25, 21 males, 4 females, mean age 13.8 years, range 6–19). Along the long axis of the posterior semicircular canal ampulla, the oblique axial multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) was set to view the depiction of the round window and the mastoid segment of facial nerve. Volumetric rending technique was used to demonstrate the morphologic features. HRCT and 3D VR findings in atresia ears were compared with those in 19 normal ears of the unilateral ears of atresia patients.On the basic plane, the horizontal line distances between the mastoid segment of the facial nerve and the round window (h-RF) in atresia ears significantly decreased compared to the control ears (P < 0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between the sinus tympani area (a-ST) and the distance between the horizontal lines of FN and RW midpoint (h-RF) (P < 0.05). The mean area of sinus tympani in atresia group is larger (P < 0.05). The shapes of the sinus tympani were classified into three categories: the cup-shaped, the pear-shaped and the boot-shaped. Area measurement indicated that the boot-shaped sinus tympani was a special variation with a large area, which only appears in CAA group. There were a significant difference between the area of the boot-shaped group and the other two groups (P < 0.05). The morphologic differences of ST and other middle ear structures can also be observed visually in 3D VR CT images.HRCT and 3D VR CT could help a better understanding of different kinds of variations in mastoid segment of facial nerve and sinus tympani in CAA ears. And it may further help surgeons to make the correct decision for hearing rehabilitation.