Emphysematous cystitis: A singular case enriching medical literature

Abstract

Emphysematous cystitis, a rare entity within the spectrum of urinary tract infections, poses a crucial diagnostic challenge, particularly when it occurs in diabetic patients [1]. Here, we present the case of a 74-year-old man with type 2 diabetes and chronic tobacco use, who was admitted to the emergency room for right lower back pain associated with dysuria in a febrile context. This condition, characterized by the presence of gas in the bladder and/or its wall, is often associated with aero-anaerobic microbial fermentation, placing diabetic patients in a high-risk category. The physiopathological complexity of emphysematous cystitis underscores the importance of understanding the underlying mechanisms of this condition, particularly in individuals with risk factors such as diabetes and smoking. In the current clinical context, where the prevalence of diabetes is constantly rising, the rapid recognition of these atypical manifestations becomes imperative for appropriate management. This specific case, though uncommon, highlights the necessity of increased vigilance among diabetic patients presenting with urinary symptoms, thus emphasizing the importance of a proactive clinical approach. A thorough examination of this case provides an opportunity to explore the links between diabetes, smoking, and emphysematous cystitis, enriching our understanding of the risk factors and physiopathological mechanisms associated with this rare clinical entity.