Abstract
Objectives: To compare the empathy of students in two faculties of Dentistry in Peru and Argentina, three factors were considered: universities, academic year and gender. Material and Methods: Empathy matrices in Dentistry students were measured using the Jefferson Scale of Empathy, culturally validated in Peru and Argentina. Empathy data were compared among and within the faculties tested using a three-factor analysis of variance (model III), a Duncan test, and a discriminant analysis. The level of significance used was less than 0.05. Results: We found that differences existed between the students tested. The comparison between the levels of empathy in the studied factors and the presence of unexplained variance showed that empathy was able to differentiate populations. Conclusions: The results indicate variability in the empathy values associated with the factors studied. The discriminant test confirms the differences between faculties revealed by the data matrix resulting from the JSE. These differences are possibly due to the effect of educational and social factors.
Highlights
This research is exploratory, non-experimental, descriptive, cross-sectional, and ex post facto cause-effect. It was bioethically guided by the Declaration of Helsinki, and received the approval of the Research Ethics Committee of Universidad del Desarrollo and Clínica Alemana, which includes the adoption of informed consent, under signature, as a prerequisite for the implementation of the instrument. It studied populations comprising first-to fifth-year students enrolled in the Dentistry or Dentistry programs of the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH) [11] (n = 258; 57.3% of the total students) and the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM) [12] (n = 200; 55% of the total students) in Peru, and of the Universidad Católica de Córdoba (UCC) [13] (n = 189; 84.8% of the total students) in Argentina
The participants were tested using the Spanish translation of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy, validated in Mexico and Chile [6] [14], and culturally adapted for Chile [14] [15], Peru, and Argentina by consensus panels [11]-[13]
This study shows that the variability of empathy between populations may constitute a trend
Summary
To compare the empathy of students in two faculties of Dentistry in Peru and Argentina, three factors were considered: universities, academic year and gender. Material and Methods: Empathy matrices in Dentistry students were measured using the Jefferson Scale of Empathy, culturally validated in Peru and Argentina. Empathy data were compared among and within the faculties tested using a three-factor analysis of variance (model III), a Duncan test, and a discriminant analysis. The comparison between the levels of empathy in the studied factors and the presence of unexplained variance showed that empathy was able to differentiate populations. The discriminant test confirms the differences between faculties revealed by the data matrix resulting from the JSE. These differences are possibly due to the effect of educational and social factors
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