Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic led to numerous restrictions in daily life that had a significant impact on the well-being and mental health of the population. Among others, children and adolescents were particularly affected, being a vulnerable group at risk. The aim of this study was to assess the emotional situation of children and adolescents during different phases of the pandemic and to identify modifying factors. Data from the serial cross-sectional COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring (COSMO) survey in Germany were used for this study. The survey waves 12 (19th/20th May 2020) and 21 (15th/16th September 2020) were investigated as examples of two different pandemic phases. The psychosocial and emotional situation and well-being of children were measured with the emotional subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) assessed by parents. Descriptive analyses and logistic regressions were calculated. In total, a third of the participating parents in wave 12 and in wave 21 reported having children and adolescents with emotional symptoms. Especially children with younger parents seemed to be more affected by emotional symptoms. Sociodemographic aspects, such as household language, showed a significant association with reported emotional symptoms in children (Wave 12: OR = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.20–4.09). Reported prevalences of emotional symptoms in children did not differ between the pandemic phases. In conclusion, the pandemic had negative influences on the emotional symptoms of children and adolescents in COVID-19 pandemic waves in 2020, indicating a forecasted reoccurrence and need for preventive measures for upcoming waves and other pandemics in the future.
Highlights
The main aim of the COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring (COSMO) study is to capture the psychological situation of German adults during the COVID-19 pandemic
In wave 21, there was a total of 1013 participants and 229 parents with children in the corresponding age group (22.6%)
In wave 21, the results show that, in households with three or four people, the chance of having a family indicator child at risk is significantly lower (OR = 0.37; 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 0.15–0.92)
Summary
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).Following the global spread of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) since the end of2019, countries worldwide have imposed non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), such as contact restrictions and closures of schools and daycare centers, as mitigation measures to contain the virus [1,2].These measures may lead to a wide range of stressors for the young, such as loss of everyday structure; reduction of social contacts and possibilities for play, physical activitiesInt. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 2698. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052698 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph
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