Emotional health screening of mothers, preliminary validation of a 3-item instrument: A research brief

Abstract

A number of countries now recommend population-wide depression screening for perinatal women, using validated tools. A stepped-approach to screening – involving universal screening with a brief measure, followed by targeted screening using a longer measure for those women identified as at greater risk – is used in some settings. This brief report describes the test performance characteristics of a 3-item mood screening instrument, developed for use within a digital parenting program. Participants (n = 404) in this cross-sectional study were mothers of children aged up to 3 years. The majority (65.5 %) were first-time mothers, and their mean age was 32.8 years. Data were collected using an online survey. The test performance of the brief 3-item mood screening instrument (possible score range = 0–300) was examined using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis, with a score of 13 or more on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) used as the reference standard. The mood screening instrument demonstrated excellent range when compared to the reference standard. Optimal balance between sensitivity (0.77) and specificity (0.78), was achieved at a cut-point of 160 or less. Analysis was limited by using only the EPDS as the reference standard. This preliminary data supports the use of this 3-item mood screening instrument to screen for postnatal depression symptoms and may be integrated into a mobile Health or online tool. Future research should examine the test performance of the 3-item mood screening instrument against a diagnostic tool.