Abstract
Vocal fold nodules (VNs) in children are benign, bilateral, callous-like lesions at the junction of the anterior third and posterior two-thirds of the true vocal folds. Chronic, repetitive, and intense vocal behavior is often cited as the primary etiology; however, difficulties with emotional adjustment may predispose some children towards extreme and possibly phonotraumatic vocal activity, thereby contributing secondarily to the development of VNs. This case-control study examined the association between features of emotional adjustment and VNs in children. Parents of children with VNs (N=40, Mage=7.5, SDage=2.03) and two medical control groups [ie, voice disordered, but not VNs (VDCs; N=40, Mage= 7.09, SDage=2.01) and vocally normal controls (VNCs; N=40, Mage=7.6, SDage=1.54)] participated in the study. Features of emotional adjustment were assessed using two inventories: the Parent Rating scale for Reactive and Proactive Aggression and the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale - Parent version. As compared with the VNCs, children with VNs were significantly more aggressive (P=0.042, Cohen's d=0.47) whereas the VDCs were more depressed (P=0.013, Cohen's d=0.60). Furthermore, VDCs experienced more separation anxiety than VNs (P=0.038, Cohen's d=0.45) and VNCs (P=0.021, Cohen's d=0.55). No other significant between-group differences were identified between the VNs and VDCs. When present, elevated aggression may represent a risk factor for VNs formation in children, and possibly influence treatment outcomes. Therefore, the current results highlight the importance of understanding the role of emotional adjustment in the evaluation and treatment of dysphonia in children.
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.