Emotion has no impact on attention in a change detection flicker task.

Robert C A Bendall,Catherine Thompson

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01592

Abstract

Past research provides conflicting findings regarding the influence of emotion on visual attention. Early studies suggested a broadening of attentional resources in relation to positive mood. However, more recent evidence indicates that positive emotions may not have a beneficial impact on attention, and that the relationship between emotion and attention may be mitigated by factors such as task demand or stimulus valence. The current study explored the effect of emotion on attention using the change detection flicker paradigm. Participants were induced into positive, neutral, and negative mood states and then completed a change detection task. A series of neutral scenes were presented and participants had to identify the location of a disappearing item in each scene. The change was made to the center or the periphery of each scene and it was predicted that peripheral changes would be detected quicker in the positive mood condition and slower in the negative mood condition, compared to the neutral condition. In contrast to previous findings emotion had no influence on attention and whilst central changes were detected faster than peripheral changes, change blindness was not affected by mood. The findings suggest that the relationship between emotion and visual attention is influenced by the characteristics of a task, and any beneficial impact of positive emotion may be related to processing style rather than a “broadening” of attentional resources.

Highlights

The visual world is cluttered and it is impossible to attend to all items and areas simultaneously
Planned comparisons show that viewing positive stimuli significantly increased positive mood scores compared to viewing neutral stimuli (M = 30.80, SD = 8.16 vs. M = 22.35, SD = 8.66; F(1,50) = 63.98, MSE = 56.93, p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.56; Figure 2A)
Planned comparisons reveal that viewing negative stimuli significantly increased negative mood scores compared to viewing neutral stimuli (M = 20.75, SD = 7.60 vs. M = 13.90, SD = 4.98; F(1,50) = 57.01, MSE = 41.90, p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.53; Figure 2B)

Summary

Introduction

The visual world is cluttered and it is impossible to attend to all items and areas simultaneously. Priority is given to the most relevant areas or objects within a scene. This ‘biasing’ of attentional resources, known as selective visual attention, is subject to a range of influences and is dependent upon top–down and bottom–up processing. Bottom–up processing is the automatic capture of attention by salient information in the environment, regardless of task demand (e.g., Itti and Koch, 2000). It should, be noted that that the top–down and bottom–up viewpoint cannot adequately explain all attentional processing (Awh et al, 2012). Attention has been shown to be biased by statistical irregularities learned over time that cannot be explained by top–down or bottom–up processing (Zhao et al, 2013)

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Conclusion