Abstract
The former family Lobariaceae, now included in Peltigeraceae as subfamily Lobarioideae, has undergone substantial changes in its generic classification in recent years, based on phylogenetic inferences highlighting the polyphyly of the speciose genera Lobaria, Pseudocyphellaria and Sticta. Here we introduce the new genus Emmanuelia, named in honor of Prof. Emmanuël Sérusiaux for his extensive work on the Peltigerales. Emmanuelia currently comprises twelve species. It is superficially similar to the lobarioid genus Ricasolia, but differs by its apothecia, rimmed by overarching and often crenulate to lobulate margins, with the parathecium (proper excipulum) and the amphithecium (thalline excipulum formed by the thallus cortex) apically separated and of a different structure. Also, ascospore dimensions and shape differ between the two genera, with the ascospores of Emmanuelia being longer and narrower. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using DNA nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and the small subunit of mitochondrial ribosomal DNA (mtSSU) confirm that Emmanuelia belongs to the Lobaria s.lat. clade and forms a monophyletic group sister to the lineage consisting of Dendriscosticta, Lobariella and Yoshimuriella. None of the available generic names of lobarioid lichens can be applied to this group, and consequently a new name is proposed for this new genus, which is typified with E. ravenelii comb. nov. Eleven other species are transferred to Emmanuelia: E. americana comb. nov., E. conformis comb. nov., E. cuprea comb. nov., E. elaeodes comb. nov., E. erosa comb. nov., E. excisa comb. nov., E. lobulifera comb. nov., E. ornata comb. nov., E. patinifera comb. nov., E. pseudolivacea comb. nov. and E. tenuis comb. nov. The genus is represented in North America by three species, including E. lobulifera, which is resurrected from synonymy with E. (Lobaria) tenuis, a South American species, and E. ornata, whose populations were previously treated under E. (Lobaria) ravenelii.
Highlights
Material and methodsRecent years have witnessed major systematic rearrangements of lobarioid lichens
Emmanuelia was recovered as sister to a clade consisting of Dendriscosticta, Lobariella and Yoshimuriella by both maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inferences, and not directly related to Ricasolia, justifying the introduction of a new genus to accommodate this group of lichenized fungi
Within Emmanuelia, strong support was obtained for a clade of four species: E. americana, E. elaeodes, E. ravenelii and E. tenuis
Summary
Recent years have witnessed major systematic rearrangements of lobarioid lichens. In less than a decade, the number of genera circumscribed in this lineage of conspicuous macrolichens was multiplied by four. Yoshimura (1998) treated the South American taxa as L. quercizans group, implying a close relationship to Ricasolia This group of lichens includes, among others, shade-loving species of the Atlantic Forest biome in South America such as L. tenuis (Käffer et al 2009), as well as L. ravenelii, a well-known taxon characteristic of the Atlantic–Gulf Coastal Plain in North America (Jordan 1973). To address their phylogenetic affinity, we reconstructed the phylogeny of the Lobaria s.lat. The results of the ML and Bayesian analyses were visualized with the R package ggtree (Yu et al 2017)
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