愛瑪‧高德曼（Emma Goldman）及其《大地之母》（Mother Earth）月刊的行動宣傳：以其跨國網絡與性別論述為例

Abstract

This article features the activist propaganda of ”Mother Earth”, a monthly magazine published by the American anarchist leader Emma Goldman (1869-1940) from 1906 to- 1917. A product of collective teamwork by Goldman and her comrades and friends, ”Mother Earth” showcased how ”propaganda by the deed,” a feasible activist creed for the anarchist movement that started from in Europe in the 1870s, could be applied in the early 20thtwntieth-century United .States. I argue that the comprehensive project of ”Mother Earth” is characterized by what I call ”3-in-1 symbiotic mechanism;” i.e., the journal itself functioned interdependently with the annual lecturing tours of Goldman and the publications by Mother Earth Publishing Association. In order to highlight such characteristic, I focus on the transnational networks and gender activism of ”Mother Earth” to explore how it was operated in an inclusive manner. By demonstrating the activist propaganda of ”Mother Earth”, I also propose a reconsideration of journal studies regarding the appraisal of how a journal functioned. Based on this study, I suggest that we might need to extend beyond the journal itself (and its context) to evaluate how it operated during its period of publication.