Abstract
Passive ground emitter geolocation techniques are essential to electronic warfare systems, as they provide threat warnings in hostile environments, while ensuring the electronic silence of the mission platform. Geolocation of enemy emitters indicates the position of and type of adversary troops, and allows for the use of guided munition against enemy targets. Three-dimensional geolocation solutions based on least squares and particle filter estimation, using only azimuth and elevation measurements, were considered. Three batch-processing and one instantaneous solution algorithms, i.e., using a single pulse or a single observation point, were developed and investigated. The performance of the proposed solutions was demonstrated by simulations. Results showed that the batch-processing solutions achieved acceptable accuracies with a sufficient number of observation points. The performance degraded with fewer observation points. The instantaneous geolocation solution improved performance with increasing observation points, i.e., working in the sequential mode, and therefore could approach the accuracy of the batch-processing solutions.
Highlights
Passive localization of an emitter is an important issue in both civilian applications, such as government, scientific, and commercial, and in military missions
The extracted signals are processed and analyzed to estimate the target’s location. This procedure is usually referred to as an emitter location or localization, an emitter geolocation, if the emitter is on the surface of the earth, or a direction finding (DF), if only angle, i.e., azimuth and elevation, measurements are involved
It was assumed assumed that thatthe theaerial aerialplatform, platform,i.e., i.e.,unmanned aircraft system (UAS), UAS,was wasequipped equipped with sensor seeker system to obtain azimuth and elevation measurements at different observation or DF seeker system to obtain azimuth and elevation measurements at different observapoints, and that the target or emitter was was detected, i.e., sufficient receiver sensitivity and tion points, and that the target or emitter detected, i.e., sufficient receiver sensitivity sensor coverage to obtain the needed measurements were available
Summary
Passive localization (geolocation or location) of an emitter (or target) is an important issue in both civilian applications, such as government, scientific, and commercial, and in military missions. The 3D emitter location problem, using azimuth and elevation measurements, was solved iteratively in [25], and by a CF algorithm in [26], which was an extension of the solution in [18] to 3D space. The approach in this article focuses on passive techniques to locate stationary threat signal sources in 3D space, using only azimuth and elevation measurements, and a single aerial platform. The main contribution of this article is the proposal and performance investigation of batch-processing and instantaneous passive emitter geolocation estimation algorithms, in 3D space, based on LS and particle filter (PF) estimation, with only azimuth and elevation measurements, and a single aerial platform, i.e., as few resources as possible, for ES applications.
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