Abstract
ABSTRACTThe goal of this study was to analyse the combustion characteristics and emissions of Jatropha curcas biodiesel (JCB) when run in a diesel engine. Jatropha curcas oil was used to produce Jatropha curcas biodiesel (JCB) through a transesterification process. The major fuel properties of JCB, including the acid value, kinematic viscosity, flash point, gross heating value, and iodine value, were determined and compared with that of soybean biodiesel (SBM), sunflower seed biodiesel (SFM), mackerel fish oil biodiesel (MB), and premium diesel (D). JCB had a higher density, acid value, kinematic viscosity, iodine value and flash point, but a lower gross heating value, than D. JCB was then used to analyze combustion characteristics, CO, CO2, NO, NOx, SO2, and particulate matter (PM), under varied engine speeds and varied engine loads. The experimental results show CO2 concentration increased with increasing engine loads for all fuels. Engine trials on D exhibited better combustion efficiency at lower engine loads (0 kW–4 kW) but engine trials on JCB exhibited better combustion efficiency for higher engine loads (5 kW– 8 kW). JCB emitted more NO and NOx on a loaded engine. Engine trials on JCB emitted higher PM concentration when the engine was not loaded, while engine trials on MB produced higher PM concentration when the engine was loaded. The estimated CO2 emissions for JCB, MB, and D are 9221.3, 9617.2, and 10185.0 g (gal fuel)–1, respectively.
Highlights
Biodiesel is a biofuel made from vegetable oils, animal fats or waste cooking oil through transesterification process (Chang et al, 1996; Schmidt and Van Gerpen, 1996; Yu et al, 2002; Dorado, 2003)
At higher engine loads, CO emisssion decreased for both Jatropha curcas biodiesel (JCB) and D
At the higher engine loads (5 kW–8 kW), JCB emitted less SO2 than did D. For both JCB and D, SO2 formation increased as engine loads increased
Summary
Biodiesel is a biofuel made from vegetable oils, animal fats or waste cooking oil through transesterification process (Chang et al, 1996; Schmidt and Van Gerpen, 1996; Yu et al, 2002; Dorado, 2003). The triglyceride blends used in their study were formed by blending vegetable oil with E10 at a 3: 1 volumetric ratio Their results showed that the performance of engine using camelina, carinata, and pennycress oils were similar to engine using the traditional oils, soybean and corn, In our past work, we derived fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) from animal fat and used cooking oils, and examined the exhaust emitted by the combusting in the diesel engine of these various types of FAME (Wu et al, 2007). Liu et al (2012) examined regulated pollutants and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emissions from heavy-duty diesel engines with a blend of biodiesel from waste cooking oil and ultra-low sulfur diesel. Their results demonstrated that the biodiesel blend produced lower PM, hydrocarbons (HC), and CO emissions, but higher CO2 and NOx emissions, when contrasted with the emissions of pure ultra-low sulfur diesel
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