Abstract
ABSTRACTThis study investigates the emission of a heavy-duty diesel engine generator fueled with waste cooking oil (WCO)-based biodiesel blends (W) and operated at 1.5 and 3.0 kW loads. A brand of pure fossil diesel was adopted as the base fuel, with 20% and 40% WCO-based biodiesel added into the based fuel to form W20 and W40 blends, respectively. The emission characteristics of PM, metals and PAHs were analyzed. Experimental results indicate that alternative WCO-based fuels had slightly higher fuel consumption rates (FCR) and brake specific fuel consumptions (BSFC) than conventional diesel (0.6–4.1% for FCR and 1.0–7.6% for BSFC), and similar engine thermal efficiency. The PM emissions reductions when using W20 and W40 were 19% and 6.5%, respectively, at 1.5 kW, and 27% and 19%, respectively, at 3.0 kW. The emissions of particle-bound metals were 13.6–13.8% lower when using W20 than using conventional diesel, but 12.0–12.3% higher when using W40. The metal contents of PM rose with the addition of WCO-based biodiesel. The metal elements of PM were dominated (> 90% mass) by Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Fe and Zn, while the major trace metals were Mn, Cu, Sr and Pb. The use of WCO-based biodiesel blends reduced the emissions of total-PAHs (44.0% in average) and total-BaPeq (80.2% in average). The mass reductions of MMW- and HMW-PAHs using W20 and W40 were more significant at 3.0 kW than at 1.5 kW, while the reduction of LMW-PAHs was greater at 1.5 kW than at 3.0 kW. Thus, the reduction in total-BaPeq was greater at the higher engine load. Accordingly, we conclude that the WCO-based biodiesel is a potential candidate of cleaner alternative energy sources.
Highlights
Diesel engines are widely adopted in large-scale equipment, ships and buses due to their greater dependability, higher torque output and lower fuel costs than gasoline engines
This study investigates the emission of a heavy-duty diesel engine generator fueled with waste cooking oil (WCO)based biodiesel blends (W) and operated at 1.5 and 3.0 kW loads
The mass reductions of medium molecular weight (MMW)- and high molecular weight (HMW)-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using W20 and W40 were more significant at 3.0 kW than at 1.5 kW, while the reduction of low molecular weight (LMW)-PAHs was greater at 1.5 kW than at 3.0 kW
Summary
Diesel engines are widely adopted in large-scale equipment, ships and buses due to their greater dependability, higher torque output and lower fuel costs than gasoline engines. Diesel engine emissions (e.g., particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and toxic air pollutants) cause serious environmental pollution, and are harmful to human health. Diesel particulate matter (DPM) is a component of diesel exhaust produced mainly by incomplete combustion of carbon particles (Alves et al, 2015; Cheng et al, 2015), soot, trace metals (Lin et al, 2005; Haseeb et al, 2011) and toxic organic pollutants (Tsai et al, 2016), such as Biodiesel is one of the most promising and clean alternative fuels that are generated from renewable resources, and can be employed directly in diesel engines without any. The emission of particulate toxic metals from the combustion of WCO-biodiesels needs to be investigated
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