Abstract
There are few studies on the concentrations and emission characteristics of ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from Chinese dairy farms. The purpose of this study was to calculate the emission rates of NH3 and H2S during summer and to investigate influencing factors for NH3 and H2S emissions from typical dairy barns in central China. Eleven dairy barns with open walls and double-slope bell tower roofs from three dairy farms were studied. Five different locations in each barn were sampled both near the floor and at 1.5 m above the floor. Concentrations of NH3 and H2S were measured using the Nessler’s reagent spectrophotometry method and the methylene blue spectrophotometric method, respectively. NH3 concentrations varied between 0.58 and 4.76 mg/m3 with the average of 1.54 mg/m3, while H2S concentrations ranged from 0.024 to 0.151 mg/m3 with the average of 0.092 mg/m3. The concentrations of NH3 and H2S were higher during the day than at night, and were higher near the ground than at the height of 1.5 m, and were higher in the manure area than in other areas. NH3 and H2S concentrations in the barns were significantly correlated with nitrogen and sulfur contents in feed and manure (P < 0.05), and with temperature inside the barns (P < 0.05). Calculated emission rates of NH3 ranged from 13.8 to 41.3 g NH3/(AU·d), while calculated emission rates of H2S ranged from 0.15 to 0.46 g H2S/(AU·d). These results will serve as a starting point for a national inventory of NH3 and H2S for the Chinese dairy industry.
Highlights
Global production and consumption of animal products will continue to expand[1]
There was no significant difference of the average of air pressure and total suspended particles (TSP) inside or outside of the dairy barns
The indoor temperature was lower than the outdoor temperature, while the indoor humidity was higher than the outdoor humidity
Summary
Global production and consumption of animal products will continue to expand[1]. animal production has been linked to a number of contentious environmental issues in recent decades, including soil erosion, production of global greenhouse gases and atmospheric pollution[2,3]. Emission of ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from livestock production contributes to atmospheric pollution[4,5]. This has to be addressed from regulatory and environmental standpoints. Hydrogen sulfide is a prominent gaseous constituent in animal buildings and manure storage[12] It has been considered as the most dangerous gas from livestock production systems and it is responsible for deaths of animals and farm workers in animal facilities[13,14]. As a first tempt to provide accurate and reliable estimation of NH3 and H2S emissions from Chinese dairy farms, this study aimed to understand emission patterns of NH3 and H2S in typical open barns during summer in central China, in order to provide the basis for emission reduction and regulation of NH3 and H2S for the dairy industry in China
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