Abstract
Characterization of carbonaceous species from the particulate matters (PM) after combustion of seven commonly used biomass species, albizia tree (Albizia julibrissin), dry leaves (mahogany tree), jackfruit tree (Artocarpus heterophyllus), rain tree (Samanea saman), mahogany tree (Swietenia mahogany), cow dung and mango tree (Mangifer aindica) was done. PM samples were collected on quartz fiber filters emitted from biomass burning in a typical rural cooking stove. PM loaded filters were characterized with scanning electron microscope (SEM) for surface morphology, fourier transform infrared (FTIR) to determine the functional group of organic compounds. Black carbon (BC) and brown carbon (BrC) concentrations were determined with Aethalometer. A TOC analyzer was used to determine the total organic carbon (TOC) present in the biomass samples. The surface morphology was almost similar for all biomass burning PM samples. The average concentrations of BC and BrC were 5.85 ± 4.40 and 13.0 ± 8.80 μg·mDž, respectively. The emission factors of BC and BrC were 1.08 ± 0.89 and 2.35 ± 1.67 mg·gǃ, respectively. Concentration of BC was the highest in dry leaves and the lowest in mango tree. The emission factors of the determined biomass followed the sequence-dry leaves of mahogany > albizia tree > jackfruit tree > rain tree > cow dung > mahogany tree > mango tree. PM from mango tree had lower emissions compared to the other biomass species used in this study.
Highlights
Surface morphology of the particulate matters (PM) was studied with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and both coarse and fine particles were obtained for seven biomass species
The highest amount of black carbon (BC) content found in the dry leaf of mahogany tree and the lowest amount of BC found in the mango tree
Particle sizes for cow dung, dry leaves, mahogany and mango were coarse in size; whereas, albizia, rain and jackfruit trees were fine in size
Summary
Biomass burning is considered as the significant source of air pollution, which. Solid biomass burning releases large amount of pollutants like particulate matter (PM), black carbon (BC), Organic carbon (OC), carbon monoxide (CO), formaldehyde etc. Pollutants from the household biomass burning can result in more than 1.6 million deaths per annum [4]. In addition to human health, biomass burning has adverse effects on the climate. It is considered as the most significant source of BC emissions in the atmosphere [5] especially South East Asia, which is very efficient in absorbing solar radiation [6]. No information is available for black carbon (BC) and brown carbon (BrC) emissions from biomass burning
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