Abstract
Detailed high-resolution emission inventories of primary particles (PM2.5, BC and OC) and pollutant gases (SO2, NOx, NH3, CO and VOCs) for China in 2007 were constructed on the basis of the latest fuel consumption data, mostly at the county level, and from socio-economic statistics and data on fossil and biomass fuels obtained from government agencies. New emission factors reflecting local features were also used. The calculated emissions were 13.212 Mt PM2.5, 1.4 Mt BC, 2.946 Mt OC, 31.584 Mt SO2, 23.248 Mt NOx, 16.017 Mt NH3, 164.856 Mt CO and 35.464 Mt VOCs. The national and regional emissions were gridded with 0.5° × 0.5° resolution for use in air quality models. Larger emissions were found in eastern and central China than in western China. The emissions estimated here are roughly equal to those obtained in previous studies, but with different contributions from because of seasonal changes in residential heating and biomass combustion. Finally, uncertainties in inventories were analyzed.
Highlights
Detailed high-resolution emission inventories of primary particles (PM2.5, black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC)) and pollutant gases (SO2, NOx, NH3, CO and VOCs) for China in 2007 were constructed on the basis of the latest fuel consumption data, mostly at the county level, and from socio-economic statistics and data on fossil and biomass fuels obtained from government agencies
Large contributions to PM2.5, BC, OC and CO emissions come from the industrial and residential sectors, while coal-fired power generation is the largest contributor to SO2 and NOx emissions
VOCs are mainly derived from biomass combustion, industrial solid-waste incineration, other waste-disposal processes and evaporating solvents used in printing
Summary
Detailed high-resolution emission inventories of primary particles (PM2.5, BC and OC) and pollutant gases (SO2, NOx, NH3, CO and VOCs) for China in 2007 were constructed on the basis of the latest fuel consumption data, mostly at the county level, and from socio-economic statistics and data on fossil and biomass fuels obtained from government agencies. Located in East Asia, China has a large area with a relatively non-modern economy and lifestyle and extensive use of coal and biomass as fuels, and a high level of poultry and livestock feeding with less advanced waste disposal methods All these factors contribute to large emissions of particles and pollution gases to the global environment [3,17,21–24]. Because of the heavy pollution of PM and acid rain in China, some national scholars have begun to construct emission inventories of PM and pollutant gases [11,13,15,16,18,19,30–34] Many of these studies did not give a spatial and temporal distribution, and it is difficult to support a numerical simulation for comprehensive analysis of the situation of China’s emissions at the required spatial and temporal resolution
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