Emission from Internal Combustion Engines and Battery Electric Vehicles: Case Study for Poland

Magdalena Zimakowska-Laskowska,Piotr Laskowski

doi:10.3390/atmos13030401

Magdalena Zimakowska-Laskowska, Piotr Laskowski

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13030401

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Abstract

The paper compares the emissions from vehicles including ICEVs (internal combustion engine vehicles) with equivalent emissions from BEVs (battery electric vehicles). Additionally, it analyzes the available source research and the specific energy mix for Poland based on carbon. Mathematical calculations estimate air pollutant emissions. To carry out the analysis and calculations, data were provided by the manufacturers of electricity consumption in the case of vehicles equipped with electric motors and the COPERT model for internal combustion engines. Air pollutants are considered: CO2, NOx, SOx, CO, and Total Suspended Particles (TSP). In addition to exhaust emissions, all solids emissions from road abrasion and tire and brake wear are also considered. The emission of pollutants is estimated based on the emission factors using the average mileage in Polish conditions. The paper compares emissions for three scenarios considering electric vehicles, combustion engine cars, and hybrid cars. Analyses show that introducing cars with electric engines into traffic at the expense of withdrawing vehicles with internal combustion engines is not favorable in Polish conditions. The analysis indicates that CO, CO2, and TSP emissions have decreased, while NOx and SOx emissions have increased.

Highlights

Air pollution is one of the major environmental risk factors for health globally, including in Poland
The calculations and information collected in this article show that the emissions of carbon dioxide and harmful substances from BEVs and ICEVs mainly depend on such factors as:
After conducting a comparative analysis, it can be concluded that introducing BEVs into circulation at the expense of withdrawing ICEVs is not unequivocally positive in Polish conditions

Summary

Introduction

Air pollution is one of the major environmental risk factors for health globally, including in Poland. Recent efforts to reduce air pollutant emissions from ICEVs (internal combustion engine vehicles) are essential to the attention that needs to be given to reducing carbon dioxide emissions from road transport. Improvements in exhaust emission control technologies introduced by each new Euro standard in Europe, including Poland, significantly reduced NOx (nitrogen oxides) and PM (particulate matter) emissions from the rise in the 1990s [5,6].

Results

Conclusion