Abstract
Airborne measurements of the emissions of gases and particles from 19 individual forest, cerrado, and pasture fires in Brazil were obtained during the Smoke, Clouds, and Radiation‐Brazil (SCAR‐B) study in August‐September 1995. Emission factors were determined for a number of major and minor gaseous and particulate species, including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, methane, nonmethane hydrocarbons, halocarbons, particulate (black and organic) carbon, and particulate ionic species. The magnitude of the emission factors for gaseous species were determined primarily by the relative amounts of flaming and smoldering combustion, rather than differences in vegetation type. Hydrocarbons and halocarbons were well correlated with CO, which is indicative of emissions primarily associated with smoldering combustion. Although there was large variability between fires, higher emission factors for SO2and NOχwere associated with an increased ratio of flaming to smoldering combustion; this could be due to variations in the amounts of sulfur and nitrogen in the fuels. Emission factors for particles were not so clearly associated with smoldering combustion as those for hydrocarbons. The emission factors measured in this study are similar to those measured previously in Brazil and Africa. However, particle emission factors from fires in Brazil appear to be roughly 20 to 40% lower than those from North American boreal forest fires.
Highlights
Gas-to-particlceonversionof hydrocarbonNs,Ox, andSO2Emissions from biomass burning cause significant may furtheraltertheradiativeandcloud-nucleatinpgroperties of smoke aerosols.perturbationsin certain trace gas and particle concentrations Althoughthe emissionsfrom biomassburningof many of in the Earth's atmosphere [Intergovernmental Panel on the aforementionedspecieshavebeenestimatedin a numberofClimate Change (IPCC), 1995]
Althoughcarbondioxideis previousstudiesof laboratorycontrolledand natural fires, the most abundantcomponentof biomassburning emissions, relativelyfew datahavebeencollectedfromindividualfiresin a wide variety of other compoundsthat are importantin global South America, which account for roughly one third of atmospheric chemistry are emitted
Of SCAR-B was to obtain measurementsof the physical, Particles emitted from biomass burning, which are chemical,and radiativepropertiesof the palls of smokethat composedprimarily of organicsand black carbon,play an covermillionsof squarekilometersof the AmazonBasin and importantrole in the Earth'sradiationbalancethroughtheir thecerradoregionsof Brazil duringtheburningseason.This directscatteringand absorptionpropertiesand their effectson paperfocuseson the emissionfactorsof gasesandparticles the microphysicalstructuresof clouds [Hobbs and Radke, for flamingandsmolderingcombustioonf cerrado(brushand 1969; Kaufman et al, 1990; Christopher et al, 1996]. scrubforest),grass(or pasture),andrain forestsin Brazil
Summary
Emissions from biomass burning cause significant may furtheraltertheradiativeandcloud-nucleatinpgroperties of smoke aerosols. Althoughcarbondioxideis previousstudiesof laboratorycontrolledand natural fires, the most abundantcomponentof biomassburning emissions, relativelyfew datahavebeencollectedfromindividualfiresin a wide variety of other compoundsthat are importantin global South America, which account for roughly one third of atmospheric chemistry are emitted. Halocarbons, such as methyl chloride and methyl bromide, In August and September 1995 the University of may influence stratosphericozone concentrations[Cicerone, Washington(UW) CloudandAerosolResearchgroup,with its. Of SCAR-B was to obtain measurementsof the physical, Particles emitted from biomass burning, which are chemical,and radiativepropertiesof the palls of smokethat composedprimarily of organicsand black carbon,play an covermillionsof squarekilometersof the AmazonBasin and importantrole in the Earth'sradiationbalancethroughtheir thecerradoregionsof Brazil duringtheburningseason.This directscatteringand absorptionpropertiesand their effectson paperfocuseson the emissionfactorsof gasesandparticles the microphysicalstructuresof clouds [Hobbs and Radke, for flamingandsmolderingcombustioonf cerrado(brushand. 1969; Kaufman et al, 1990; Christopher et al, 1996]. scrubforest),grass(or pasture),andrain forestsin Brazil
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
