Abstract
The Emirates Mars Mission (EMM) – Hope Probe – was developed to understand Mars atmospheric circulation, dynamics, and processes through characterization of the Mars atmosphere layers and its interconnections enabled by a unique high-altitude (19,970 km periapse and 42,650 km apoapse) low inclination orbit that will offer an unprecedented local and seasonal time coverage over most of the planet. EMM has three scientific objectives to (A) characterize the state of the Martian lower atmosphere on global scales and its geographic, diurnal and seasonal variability, (B) correlate rates of thermal and photochemical atmospheric escape with conditions in the collisional Martian atmosphere, and (C) characterize the spatial structure and variability of key constituents in the Martian exosphere. The EMM data products include a variety of spectral and imaging data from three scientific instruments measuring Mars at visible, ultraviolet, and infrared wavelengths and contemporaneously and globally sampled on both diurnal and seasonal timescale. Here, we describe our strategies for addressing each objective with these data in addition to the complementary science data, tools, and physical models that will facilitate our understanding. The results will also fill a unique role by providing diagnostics of the physical processes driving atmospheric structure and dynamics, the connections between the lower and upper atmospheres, and the influences of these on atmospheric escape.
Highlights
The Emirates Mars Mission (EMM), launched on July 20, 2020 at 01:58:14 GST (July 19, 2020 at 21:58:14 UTC) and entered Mars orbit on February 9, 2021, is the United ArabThe Emirates Mars Mission Edited by Dave Brain and Sarah Yousef Al AmiriExtended author information available on the last page of the article 89 Page 2 of 31Emirates’ (UAE) first mission to Mars, and the Arab World’s first mission to another planet
EMM will achieve these objectives with measurements from three scientific instruments: Emirates eXploration Imager (EXI), Emirates Mars InfraRed Spectrometer (EMIRS), and Emirates Mars Ultraviolet Spectrometer (EMUS)
In the LMD-MGCM, the neutral atmosphere is simulated by including the transport, diffusion, and 92 chemical reactions of 25 different chemical species, and the model accounts for UV heating, photodissociation effects, thermal and viscosity conduction and molecular diffusion to simulate cooling that occurs in the upper atmosphere to balance UV heating (Angelats i Coll et al 2005; González-Galindo et al 2009, 2013)
Summary
Emirates’ (UAE) first mission to Mars, and the Arab World’s first mission to another planet. EMM is designed to study the dynamics of the Martian atmosphere on a global scale, and on both diurnal and seasonal timescales, furthering our understanding of Mars’ atmosphere that has been limited by fixed geographical coverage and local time samplings. EMM will achieve these objectives with measurements from three scientific instruments: Emirates eXploration Imager (EXI), Emirates Mars InfraRed Spectrometer (EMIRS), and Emirates Mars Ultraviolet Spectrometer (EMUS). This paper will discuss the EMM science team’s strategy for achieving closure on the science objectives introduced above, which can be summarized as (A) characterizing the state of the Martian lower atmosphere, (B) correlating the lower atmosphere conditions with rates of thermal and photochemical atmospheric escape, and (C) characterizing the spatial structure and variability of hydrogen and oxygen in the Martian exosphere.
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