Abstract
The paper presents the results and analysis of interdisciplinary research concerning electromagnetic field shielding, conductive polymers printed on textiles and numerical simulation using the finite element method (FEM). The use of conductive, layered textiles for shielding electromagnetic interference (EMI) has been proposed. After establishing the optimal conditions for deposition of polyaniline (PANI) and polypyrrole (PPy) on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fabric, conductive composites were made by means of reactive inkjet printing. For this purpose, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fabrics were coated with polyaniline or polypyrrole, obtained by chemical oxidation of aniline hydrochloride and pyrrole by ammonium peroxydisulfate. The morphology of the obtained coatings was observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The conductive properties (surface resistance) of the fabrics were measured using the four-wire method, and the tests of the effectiveness of electromagnetic shielding were carried out using the waveguide method in the frequency range from 2.5 to 18 GHz. The results of experimental shielding effectiveness (SE) tests and numerical simulation showed that the composites of polyacrylonitrile with polyaniline PAN/PANI and polyacrylonitrile with polypyrrole PAN/PPy achieved very good and good EMI shielding efficiency, respectively. Moreover, the obtained measurement results were verified by numerical modeling with the use of FEM–ANSYS HFFS software.
Highlights
With the increasing use of electronic products and telecommunication equipment, electromagnetic interference (EMI) has become a major problem, as it reduces the lifetime and efficiency of the instruments
The demand for inexpensive electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials has led to a great deal of research into the shielding properties of polymer composites and conductive polymers [6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]
The results showed that PANI/PAN and PPy/PAN composites achieved very good and moderate EMI shielding effectiveness, respectively
Summary
With the increasing use of electronic products and telecommunication equipment, electromagnetic interference (EMI) has become a major problem, as it reduces the lifetime and efficiency of the instruments. The demand for microwave absorbers in the frequency range of 1 to 20 GHz has increased, because of their dual purpose, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding efficiency (SE) and counteracting to radar detection. Coating fabrics with conductive polymers to create shielding materials has the afore-mentioned advantages, including low cost of obtaining them, and besides, these materials are flexible and light. Both polyaniline and polypyrrole are materials with high electromagnetic radiation shielding efficiency [16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27]. Polyaniline (PANI) is perhaps the most versatile because it is easy and inexpensive to prepare and has desirable properties such as thermal and chemical stability, low specific mass, controllable conductivity and high conductivity at microwave frequencies [28,29,30]
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