EMG-Force Relation in Dynamically Contracting Cat Plantaris Muscle

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to revisit the electromyographical (EMG)–force relationship of dynamically contracting muscles using direct measurements of EMG and force in cat hindlimb muscles during locomotion. EMG signals were recorded from the plantaris muscle using bipolar indwelling wire electrodes, and the corresponding forces were measured using a tendon force transducer. Force–time histories of cat plantaris muscle were predicted by estimating selected force parameters from EMG and timing parameters, and then constructing two smoothly fitting quintic spline functions from the estimated force parameters. The force predictions did not contain information on force–length or force–velocity properties of the cat plantaris and did not use instantaneous contractile conditions as input. It was found that two smoothly fitting quintic spline functions provided the required properties to approximate plantaris force–time histories accurately, and approximations of the force–time histories using EMG and timing parameters as input for the quintic splines were good. The root mean square errors (RMS) of the predicted compared to the actual plantaris forces were smaller than corresponding results reported in the literature, even though the prediction model did not require the force–length–velocity properties or the instantaneous contractile conditions of the target muscles as input. From the results obtained in this study, it appears that force–time histories of the cat plantaris muscle during locomotion can be predicted adequately from information obtained using EMG and video records, without information on either the force–length and force–velocity properties, or the instantaneous contractile conditions of the muscle.