Abstract
This paper describes the most important travel medicine diseases that might require an emergency medical action. Fever in the traveller is the first alert. The medical geography, the epidemiology, and a careful anamnesis which includes the knowledge about previous contact with other tropical febrile illnesses, are critical in characterizing the disease and its severity. Malaria, arbovirus and hemorrhagic fevers virus, as well as viral and parasitic infections of the central nervous system by helminths or protozoa, are examples of infectious agents or tropical diseases that can be medical emergencies. Aviation medicine is very specific and physicians have little knowledge about it. In-flight emergencies are very important in travel medicine, and are also discussed in this paper.
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